UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Somalia

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UN Entities

• United Nations in Somalia: https://somalia.un.org/,
  https://unsdg.un.org/un-in-action/somalia
• United Nations Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS):
  https://unsos.unmissions.org/
  The United Nations Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS) was established on 9 November 2015, through a UN Security Council Resolution 2245. UNSOS is a successor operation to the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA), which was established in 2009 (S/RES/1863 (2009)) to provide logistical field support to the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM).
• United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM):
  https://unsom.unmissions.org/
  The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) was established on 3 June 2013 by UN Security Council Resolution 2102, following a comprehensive assessment of the United Nations in support of the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia. The mandate of UNSOM was subsequently renewed by Security Council resolutions 2158 (2014), 2221 (2015), 2232 (2015), 2275 (2016), 2358 (2017) and 2408 (2018). The current mandate is valid until 31 March 2019.

• Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) concerning Somalia: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/751

• UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (DPPA) – UNSOM: https://dppa.un.org/en/mission/unsom
• UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
  • Somalia: http://www.unocha.org/somalia/
  • ReliefWeb (OCHA) – Somalia: http://reliefweb.int/country/som
  • Window of opportunity to prevent famine in Somalia is closing, Principals of Inter-Agency Standing Committee warn (30 September 2023): https://www.unocha.org/news/window-opportunity-prevent-famine-somalia-closing-principals-inter-agency-standing-committee
  • 9 things you need to know about the crisis in Somalia and how you can help (30 August 2022): https://unocha.exposure.co/9-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-crisis-in-somalia
  • 10 things you need to know about the drought in Somalia (20 December 2021): https://unocha.exposure.co/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-drought-in-somalia

• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – Somalia: https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/somalia
  • Voices Unheard: Participation of Internally Displaced Persons in Peace and State Building Processes in Somalia (1 September 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/voices-unheard-participation-internally-displaced-persons-peace-and-state
  • Securing Political Participation: Human Rights in Somalia’s Electoral Processes, August 2018 (OHCHR / UNSOM): https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/SO/ReportHRVElectoralProcessAug2018.pdf
  • Protection of Civilians: Building the Foundation for Peace, Security and Human Rights in Somalia (UNSOM / OHCHR, December 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/SO/ReportProtectionofCivilians.pdf
  • Report on the right to freedom of expression: Striving to widen democratic space in Somalia’s political transition (UNSOM / OHCHR, August 2016): https://bit.ly/2lT7GYF

• Independent Expert appointed by the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights in Somalia: https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/ie-somalia
• Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict – Developments in Somalia: https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/where-we-work/somalia/
• Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC) – Somalia: http://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/countries/somalia/
• International Maritime Organization (IMO) – Maritime Security and Piracy: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Security/Pages/MaritimeSecurity.aspx
• International Organization for Migration (IOM) – Somalia: https://somalia.iom.int/
• UN Development Programme (UNDP) in Somalia: https://www.undp.org/somalia
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Somalia: https://www.unhcr.org/countries/somalia
  • Over 1 million people internally displaced in Somalia in record time (24 May 2023): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/over-1-million-people-internally-displaced-somalia-record-time
  • UN Refugee Agency issues new legal guidance on protection of Somali refugees (20 September 2022): https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/un-refugee-agency-issues-new-legal-guidance-protection-somali-refugees
  • Statement by Principals of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on famine in Somalia (5 September 2022): https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/statement-principals-inter-agency-standing-committee-famine-somalia
• UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) – Somalia: https://www.unicef.org/somalia/
• UN Office on Drugs and Crime – Maritime Crime Programme – Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/piracy/GARS.html
• World Food Programme (WFP) – Somalia: https://www.wfp.org/countries/somalia
• World Bank – Somalia: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia

Security Council Meetings on Somalia

• 2023: 19, 17 October, 7 September, 27, 22 June, 27 March, 27, 22 February
  Meeting records, press releases and resolutions:
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2023
• 2022: 21 December, 17, 15 November, 31, 19 October, 7 September, 21 June, 26, 23 May, 31 March, 24, 15 February
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2022
• 2021: 21, 3 December, 17, 15 November, 20 October, 28, 17 September, 30, 12 August, 14 June, 25 May, 12 March, 25, 22 February
  Meeting records, press releases and resolutions:
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2021
• 2020: 4 December, 12 November, 28, 20 August, 22, 9 June, 29, 21 May, 30 March 27, 24 February
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2020
• 2019: 4 December, 21, 15 November, 25 October, 21 August, 31, 22 May, 27 March,
  3 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2019
• 2018: 14, 6 November, 13 September, 30 July, 7 June, 15 May, 27 March, 24 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2018
• 2017: 14, 7 November, 13 September, 30 August, 14 June, 26, 17 May, 13 April,
  23 March, 10 February, 27 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2017
• 2016: 10, 9 November, 27 September, 19 August, 7 July, 27 May, 19 April, 24 March,
  18 February, 28 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2016
• 2015: 10 and 9 November, 23 and 14 October, 28 and 16 July, 26, 19 May, 4 February
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2015
• 2014: 12 November, 24, 22 and 14 October, 4 June, 29, 22 May, 11, 5 March
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2014
• 2013: 10 December, 18 and 12 November, 30 October, 12 September, 24 July, 6 June,
  2 May, 25 April, 6 March, 14 February
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2013
• 2012: 21 and 7 November, 31 and 16 October, 18 September, 25 July, 15 May,
  5 March, 22 February, 11 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2012
• 2011: 13 December, 22 November, 31 and 24 October, 30 and 14 September, 10 August, 29 July, 24 and 21 June, 11 May, 11 April, 17 and 10 March, 25 and 14 January
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2011
• Earlier years: http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/
• see also Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council – The situation in Somalia (1989-2021): https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/africa#cat29

Selected UN Documents

• S/2023/758 (13 October 2023): Situation in Somalia: report of the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2023/758
  Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolutions 2657 (2022) and 2670 (2022); covers major developments between 8 June-5 Oct. 2023 and provides an update on the implementation of the strategic review of the UN Support Office in Somalia. Includes UN map no. 3690 Rev.10.2: Somalia (May 2014).
  • Previous reports: https://tinyurl.com/2vxys5wu
• S/2023/750 (10 October 2023): Letter dated 28 September 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2023/750
  Requests to pause the planned changes to the support provided by the UN Support Office in Somalia to the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and Somali personnel, which were to take place from 1 October 2023
• S/2023/724 (2 October 2023): Letter dated 29 September 2023 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Al-Shabaab addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2023/724
  Final report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia.
  • Previous reports: https://tinyurl.com/53jvx8zd
• S/2023/719 (29 September 2023): Letter dated 26 September 2023 from the Permanent Representative of Mozambique to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2023/719
  Transmits, pursuant to Security Council resolution 2688 (2023), communiqué of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, adopted at the 1173rd meeting, held on 14 Sept. 2023, and, pursuant to Council resolution 2687 (2023), joint technical assessment of the 1st phase of the drawdown of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS).
• S/2023/705 (27 September 2023): Letter dated 25 September 2023 from the Permanent Representative of Djibouti to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2023/705
  Transmits letter signed by the ministers of foreign affairs of Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda supporting Somalia’s request to pause the drawdown of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) for a period of 3 months.
• A/HRC/54/78 (21 August 2023): Report of the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia, Isha Dyfan: https://undocs.org/A/HRC/54/78
  Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 51/38. Covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.
  • Previous reports: https://tinyurl.com/4xppwczk
• S/2023/269 (13 April 2023): Letter dated 12 April 2023 from the Permanent Representative of Ghana to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2023/269
  Transmits communiqué of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union and the report of the Chair of the African Union Commission on the situation in Somalia and the implementation of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia mandate.
• S/2022/939 (13 December 2022): Letter dated 9 December 2022 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Ghana to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2022/939
  Transmits joint communiqué adopted by the Peace and Security Council of the African Union on 11 Nov. 2022, concerning the extension of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) operational timelines.
• S/2022/819 (1 November 2022): The situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia: report of the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2022/819
  Submitted pursuant to para. 29 of Security Council resolution 2608 (2021); covers major developments since the previous report (S/2021/920) between 1 Nov. 2021-31 Oct. 2022. Annexes (p. 9-15): 1. Contributions of Member States to countering piracy off the coast of Somalia — 2. Map of incidents of piracy, 2017-2022. Includes UN map no. 4600 rev. 3: Incidents of piracy 2017-2022 (Oct. 2022).
  • Previous reports https://tinyurl.com/bdebv5nn
• S/2022/397 (16 May 2022): Children and armed conflict in Somalia: report of the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2022/397
  Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions; describes trends since the previous report (S/2020/174) and covers the period 1 Oct. 2019-30 Sept. 2021.
  • Previous reports: https://tinyurl.com/bdhvjv2r
• S/2021/922 (18 November 2021): Letter dated 2 November 2021 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2021/922
  Transmits report of the independent assessment team on the engagement of the African Union in and with Somalia post-2021, along with communiqué adopted by the Peace and Security Council of the African Union at its 1037th meeting, held in Addis Ababa, 7 Oct. 2021.
• S/2021/668 (19 July 2021): Letter dated 19 July 2021 from the Permanent Representatives of Ireland, Mexico and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2021/668
  Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on Somalia, held on 30 June 2021.
• S/2019/884 (15 November 2019): Report of the Secretary-General on Somalia: http://undocs.org/S/2019/884
  Submitted pursuant to para. 22 of Security Council resolution 2461 (2019) and para. 33 of resolution 2472 (2019); covers major developments between 5 Aug.-4 Nov. and specific measures related to the United Nations Support Office in Somalia between 1 May-31 Oct. 2019.
  • Previous reports: https://tinyurl.com/36stfrtv
• S/2019/671 (20 August 2019): Letter dated 19 August 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/671
  Transmits letter from the Chairperson of the African Union Commission forwarding a communiqué and related progress report on the situation in Somalia and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), covering the period from June-Aug. 2019, adopted by the Peace and Security Council at its 865th meeting, held in Addis Ababa, 7 Aug. 2019.
• S/2019/616 (1 August 2020): Letter dated 30 July 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/616
  Provides assessment of the Somalia arms embargo, with options and recommendations for improving implementation, pursuant to Security Council resolution 2444 (2018).
• S/2019/440 (12 July 2020): Letter dated 24 May 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/440 Transmits letter from the Chairperson of the African Union Commission forwarding a communiqué and related report on the African Union-United Nations 5th joint review of the African Union Mission in Somalia, adopted by the Peace and Security Council at its 848th meeting, held in Addis Ababa, 9 May 2019.
• S/2019/388 (13 May 2019): Letter dated 10 May 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/388
  Pursuant to Security Council resolution 2431 (2018), reports on the joint review mission of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), conducted by the UN and the African Union between 4-19 Mar. 2019.
• S/2019/255 (28 March 2019): Letter dated 20 March 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/255
  Transmits letter from the Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union forwarding his report on the situation in Somalia, the strategic concept of operations of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) for 2018-2021 and the communiqués adopted by the Peace and Security Council at its 806th and 827th meetings, held in Addis Ababa, 7 Nov. 2018 and 13 Feb. 2019.
• S/2018/674 (6 July 2018): Letter dated 5 July 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/674 Pursuant to Security Council resolution 2372 (2017), reports on the joint review mission of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), conducted by the UN and the African Union between 10-19 May 2018.
• S/2015/1037 (28 December 2015): Letter dated 24 December 2015 from the Chair of the Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2015/1037
  Transmits concept note of this year’s 4th thematic discussion of the Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations, held on 26 June 2015, entitled “The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM): Lessons learned”.
• A/HRC/25/45 (8 January 2014): Stand-Alone High-Level Interactive Dialogue on Assistance to Somalia in the Field of Human Rights : report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/25/45
  Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 23/114; dialogue held on 24 Sept. 2013.
• S/2012/74 (31 January 2012): Special report of the Secretary-General on Somalia: http://undocs.org/S/2012/74

• S/2012/50 (20 January 2012): Report of the Secretary-General on specialized anti-piracy courts in Somalia and other States in the region: http://undocs.org/S/2012/50
• S/2011/661 (25 October 2011): Report of the Secretary-General on the protection of Somali natural resources and waters http://undocs.org/S/2011/661
• Further documents:
  • Secretary-General’s Reports:
    https://unsom.unmissions.org/secretary-generals-reports https://unpos.unmissions.org/secretary-general-reports
  • Security Council Resolutions:
    https://unsos.unmissions.org/security-council-resolutions
    https://unsom.unmissions.org/security-council-resolutions
    https://unpos.unmissions.org/security-council-resolutions

• UN Member States on the Record: Somalia
  https://www.un.org/en/library/unms
  United Nations Member States on the Record provides access to selected documents reflecting the views of United Nations Member States.

Selected Statements and Speeches by UN Officials

• Secretary-General condemns attack against African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (SG/SM/21814, 29 May 2023): https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21814.doc.htm
• Press Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia (5 April 2023): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/press-statement-humanitarian-coordinator-somalia-enso
• Statement by Mr. Magatte Guisse, Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia ad interim, on the situation in Laas Caanood, 3 March 2023: https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/statement-mr-magatte-guisse-humanitarian-coordinator-somalia-ad-interim-situation-laas-caanood-3-march-2023
• Condemning Al-Shabaab’s Attack on hotel in Mogadishu, Secretary-General reaffirms United Nations’ commitment to Somalia against terrorism, violent extremism (SG/SM/21607, 29 November 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21607.doc.htm
• Somalia: Türk decries steep rise in civilian casualties amid surge in Al-Shabaab attacks (14 November 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/11/somalia-turk-decries-steep-rise-civilian-casualties-amid-surge-al-shabaab
• Secretary-General Deeply Saddened by Deadly Attack in Somalia (SG/SM/21559, 30 October 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21559.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns attacks in Somalia (SG/SM/21510, 3 October 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21510.doc.htm
• Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths – Remarks at Member States Briefing on the Humanitarian Situation in Somalia (13 September 2022): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-coordinator-martin-griffiths-remarks-member-states-briefing-humanitarian-situation-somalia-13-september-2022
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Martin Griffiths Remarks to the press – as delivered (Mogadishu, 5 September 2022): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-coordinator-martin-griffiths-remarks-press-delivered-mogadishu-5-september-2022
• Secretary-General strongly condemns terrorist attack on hotel in Somalia (20 August 2022, SG/SM/21420): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21420.doc.htm
• For Somalia, nature is key to lasting peace: Interview with Christophe Hodder, the first UN Climate Security and Environmental Advisor to Somalia (6 July 2022): https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/somalia-nature-key-lasting-peace-un-expert
• Secretary-General, welcoming peaceful presidential poll in Somalia, expresses hope for swift formation of inclusive cabinet (SG/SM/21276, 16 May 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21276.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns fatal attack on African Union Peacekeepers in Somalia, urges international community to provide support for fight against Al-Shabaab (SG/SM/21258, 4 May 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21258.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes establishment of African Union Transition Mission in Somalia, urges partners to ensure predictable, sustainable funding (SG/SM/21231, 6 April 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21231.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attacks in area of Somalia’s Mogadishu International Airport (SG/SM/21200, 23 March 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21200.doc.htm
• Statement by the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, Mr. Adam Abdelmoula, on the situation in Diinsoor District, South West State: https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/statement-deputy-special-representative-secretary-general-un-resident-and-1
• Statement by the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, Mr. Adam Abdelmoula, on the situation in Bossaso, Puntland State (23 December 2021): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/statement-deputy-special-representative-secretary-general-un-resident-and-0
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly terrorist attack in Somalia (SG/SM/21043, 26 November 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm21043.doc.htm
• Statement by the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, Mr. Adam Abdelmoula, on the situation in Guri Ceel, Galmudug State (25 October 2021): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/statement-deputy-special-representative-secretary-general-un-resident-and
• Deputy Secretary-General stresses need for 30 per cent election quota for female candidates in Somalia, telling Security Council ‘every woman matters’ (DSG/SM/1640, 28 September 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/dsgsm1640.doc.htm
• Press Statement by the Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General, Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia on World Humanitarian Day, 19 August 2021: https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/press-statement-deputy-special-representative-un-secretary-general-resident-and
• Secretary-General welcomes agreement reached on Somalia electoral path (SG/SM/20750, 27 May 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20750.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes appointment of African Union High Representative for Somalia (SG/SM/20714, 8 May 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20714.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes Somalia’s nullification of Special Federal Election Law (SG/SM/20706, 1 May 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20706.doc.htm
• Secretary-General deeply concerned about recent armed clashes in Somalia (SG/SM/20701, 26 April 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20701.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, deeply concerned at continuing political impasse in Somalia, calls on leaders to hold elections without further delay (SG/SM/20649, 23 March 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20649.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly terrorist attack in Somalia (SG/SM/20613, 6 March 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20613.doc.htm
• Gravely concerned by violence outbreak in Somalia, Secretary-General calls for calm (SG/SM/20587, 19 February 2021): https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20587.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attacks in Somalia (SG/SM/20512, 19 December 2020): https://press.un.org/en/2020/sgsm20512.doc.htm
• Statement by Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock, on recent attacks on aid workers (5 November 2020): https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/statement-under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-0

• Comment by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet on draft Sexual Intercourse Related Crimes Law in Somalia (10 August 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26160&LangID=E
• Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock – virtual briefing on the humanitarian situation in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, New York, 8 July 2020: https://reliefweb.int/node/3651635
• Secretary-General condemns mortar attack against airport, peacekeepers in Somalia (SG/SM/19811, 13 October 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19811.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly terrorist attack in Mogadishu, Somalia (SG/SM/19677, 24 July 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19677.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns deadly terrorist attack in Somalia (SG/SM/19663, 12 July 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19663.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns deadly attacks in Kenya, Somalia, expressing solidarity with efforts by both governments to fight terrorism, violent extremism (SG/SM/19624, 16 June 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19624.doc.htm
• Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ursula Mueller Briefing to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Somalia, 22 May 2019: https://reliefweb.int/node/3139008
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly terrorist attack in Somalia (SG/SM/19483,
  1 March 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19483.doc.htm
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Opening Remarks at the Launch of the 2018 Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan and the Resilience and Recovery Framework, 30 January 2019: https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-coordinator-mark-0
• Persona Non Grata Doctrine not applicable in respect of United Nations Personnel, Secretary-General stresses, expressing deep regret over Somalia’s action (SG/SM/19424, 4 January 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19424.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns attacks on United Nations Compound in Somalia (SG/SM/19423, 1 January 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19423.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns deadly bomb attack in Somalia (SG/SM/19336, 9 November 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19336.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns twin bomb attacks in Somalia (SG/SM/19298, 13 October 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19298.doc.htm
• Unity and Determination in Somalia: Interview with Outgoing Special Representative Michael Keating (DPA Politically Speaking, 13 September 2018): https://dppa-ps.atavist.com/unity-and-determination-in-somalia
• Secretary-General welcomes peace, stability agreement reached for Horn of Africa by Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia (SG/SM/19201, 8 September 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19201.doc.htm
• Strongly condemning deadly attack in Somali capital, Secretary-General reiterates full support to government for fight against terrorism (SG/SM/18910-PKO/706, 24 February 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18910/doc.htm
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Opening Remarks at the Launch of the 2018 Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan and the Resilience and Recovery Framework (30 January 2018): https://reliefweb.int/node/2439454
• United Nations ‘will not be deterred’ from supporting Somalia in efforts towards peace, Secretary-General vows, condemning attack in Mogadishu (SG/SM/18574, 15 June 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18574.doc.htm
• Some 275,000 malnourished children face starvation in Somalia, as food insecurity threatens 6.2 million people, Secretary-General tells Humanitarian Conference (SG/SM/18516-IHA/1429, 11 May 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18516.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, at London Conference on Somalia, stresses need for predictable funding of poorly supported, underequipped African Union Mission Force (SG/SM/18515, 11 May 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18515.doc.htm
• Remarks by Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, at the London Somalia conference (London, 11 May 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21609
• Somalia’s leaders must rally behind new government, says Secretary-General, in Message for Presidential Inauguration Ceremony (SG/SM/18450-AFR/3535, 22 February 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18450.doc.htm
• Congratulating new President of Somalia, Secretary-General stresses imperative need to tackle drought-driven humanitarian situation, avert famine (SG/SM/18432-AFR/3530, 9 February 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18432.doc.htm
• Secretary-General urges new parliament in Somalia to swiftly complete 2016 electoral process, establish permanent constitution (SG/SM/18395-AFR/3517, 29 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18395.doc.htm
• UN News Centre Interview: Architecture around Somalia’s electoral process is finitely more robust than in 2012 – UN envoy (7 November 2016): https://bit.ly/2nWmPre
• Supporting Somalia as it emerges from decades of conflict – Interview with Special Representative for Somalia Michael Keating (Politically Speaking, September 2016):
  https://bit.ly/2BXiBIE
• Deputy Secretary-General hails ‘milestone’ electoral process in Somalia, but warns it will only work if all stakeholders act responsibly (DSG/SM/1006-AFR/3450, 21 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm1006.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes announcement by Somalia’s federal indirect elections implementation team on timetable for 2016 electoral process (SG/SM/17970-AFR/3425, 9 August 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17970.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns terrorist attack near Somalia’s Mogadishu airport (SG/SM/17948-AFR/3419, 26 July 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17948.doc.htm
• Condemning deadly attack on Ethiopian troops at African Union Somalia Base, Secretary-General calls for remaining resolute in fight against extremism (SG/SM/17840-AFR/3396-PKO/589, 10 June 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17840.doc.htm
• Launching strategy for youth in Somalia, Deputy Secretary-General calls young people ‘driving force’ in advancing peace, Sustainable Development Goals (DSG/SM/942-AFR/3330, 23 February 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm942.doc.htm
• Expressing cautious optimism about Somalia, Deputy Secretary-General, in closing remarks at High-Level Forum, pledges support for inclusive peacebuilding plans (DSG/SM/941-AFR/3329, 23 February 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm941.doc.htm
• Opening High-Level Partnership Forum on Somalia, Deputy Secretary-General urges strong support for building nation’s peaceful, prosperous future (DSG/SM/940-AFR/3328, 23 February 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm940.doc.htm
• Commending decision by Somalia on Process to establish new, bicameral parliament, Secretary-General urges plan’s timely implementation in spirit of national unity (SG/SM/17497-AFR/3313, 28 January 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17497.doc.htm
• Condemning terrorist attack on peacekeepers in Somalia, Secretary-General affirms it will not diminish resolve of United Nations (SG/SM/17464-AFR/3303, 15 January 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17464.doc.htm
• Mitigating dire situation of 3.2 million Somalis best way to weaken pull of extremism, Secretary-General says in message to ministerial meeting (SG/SM/17306-SC/12110-AFR/3259, 9 November 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17306.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes Somalia’s ratification of Child Rights Convention (SG/SM/17181-HR/5270-L/T/4444, 2 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17181.doc.htm
• Condemning Al Shabaab attack in Somalia, Secretary-General affirms that violence will not deter United Nations from ‘steadfast’ commitment to peace (SG/SM/16968-AFR/3185, 27 July 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16968.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns attack against African Union peacekeepers in Somalia (SG/SM/16881-AFR/3165-PKO/500, 26 June 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16881.doc.htm
• Honouring fallen UNICEF Staff, Secretary-General says loss ‘only strengthens’ his resolve to do more for people of Somalia (SG/SM/16717-AFR/3216-ICEF/1882, 29 April 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16717.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns attack on United Nation staff in Garowe, Somalia (SG/SM/16684-AFR/3115, 20 April 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16684.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly terrorist attack in Somalia (SG/SM/16543-AFR/3081, 20 February 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16543.doc.htm
• Interview with Nicholas Kay, UN Envoy for Somalia (6 February 2015): http://www.un.org/apps/news/newsmakers.asp?NewsID=116

Further Information

• Communiqué on High-Level Meeting on Somalia (SG/2218-AFR/3222, 28 September 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sg2218.doc.htm
• Communiqué on Somalia Mini-Summit (SG/2163-AFR/2040, 24 September 2010): http://www.un.org/press/en/2010/sg2163.doc.htm
• Informal Meeting of the General Assembly Plenary on Piracy, 14 May 2010, United Nations Headquarters: http://www.un.org/ga/president/64/thematic/piracy.shtml
• Audiovisual Library of International Law
  • The Resurgence of Piracy: A Phenomenon of Modern Times / by Helmut Tuerk: http://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Tuerk_LOS.html
  • Security at Sea / by Rüdiger Wolfrum: http://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Wolfrum_LS.html
• United Nations Library Vienna Research Guide – Maritime Crime and Piracy: http://libraryresearch.unvienna.org/maritimecrime
• The United Nations and Somalia, 1992-1996 (UN Blue Book Series, Vol. 8): https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/205118?ln=en
• UNOSOM I – UN Operation in Somalia I (April 1992 – March 1993): https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosomi.htm
• UNOSOM II – UN Operation in Somalia II (March 1993 – March 1995): https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2.htm
• United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS): http://unpos.unmissions.org/
  UNPOS was established on 15 April 1995 to advance the cause of peace and reconciliation through contacts with Somali leaders, civic organizations and the States and organizations concerned. UNPOS completed its mandate on 2 June 2013.

Selected Non-UN Sources

• ATMIS – African Union Transition Mission in Somalia: https://atmis-au.org/
• AMISOM – African Union Mission in Somalia (January 2007 – April 2022): http://amisom-au.org/
• Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia: http://www.lessonsfrompiracy.net/
• European Union Naval Force Somalia (EU NAVFOR): http://www.eunavfor.eu/
• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • Counter-piracy operations (Archived): http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48815.htm
  • Cooperation with the African Union: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_8191.htm

• Global Policy Forum – Somalia: https://archive.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-council-agenda/somalia.html
• Security Council Report – Somalia: http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/somalia/

• The New Humanitarian (formerly “IRIN News”) – Somalia: https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/somalia

19 October 2023
not an official document – for information only
https://unric.org/en/unric-library-backgrounder-somalia/