UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Ethiopia

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UN Entities 

• United Nations in Ethiopa
  https://ethiopia.un.org/, https://unsdg.un.org/un-in-action/ethiopia
• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Addis Ababa Headquarters
  https://www.uneca.org/
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations –
  FAO in Emergencies – Ethiopia
  https://www.fao.org/emergencies/where-we-work/ETH/en
  • Window for planting in northern Ethiopia narrows as hunger catastrophe looms (13 July 2021): http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1415987/icode/
• United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
  https://www.unocha.org/ethiopia
  • ReliefWeb – Ethiopia: https://reliefweb.int/country/eth
  • High-level Pledging Event for the Humanitarian Situation in Ethiopia, Geneva, 16 April 2024: https://www.unocha.org/events/high-level-pledging-event-humanitarian-situation-ethiopia
    • Financial Announcements (As of 16th April 2024): https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-high-level-pledging-event-financial-announcements-16th-april-2024
  • Ethiopia: Government and international partners meet in Geneva to boost humanitarian funding (16 April 2024): https://www.unocha.org/news/ethiopia-government-and-international-partners-meet-geneva-boost-humanitarian-funding
  • Acting early in Ethiopia when the world isn’t watching (14 March 2024): https://www.unocha.org/news/acting-early-ethiopia-when-world-isnt-watching
  • UN allocates $40M from emergency funds to humanitarian response in Ethiopia (15 November 2021): https://www.unocha.org/story/un-allocates-40m-emergency-funds-humanitarian-response-ethiopia
  • USG/ERC Griffiths concludes mission to Ethiopia (9 November 2021): https://www.unocha.org/story/usgerc-griffiths-concludes-mission-ethiopia
  • UN releases US$65M for humanitarian response in Ethiopia as Tigray crisis worsens (6 May 2021): https://www.unocha.org/story/un-releases-us65m-humanitarian-response-ethiopia-tigray-crisis-worsens
  • UN emergency funding released for humanitarian response to Ethiopia’s Tigray conflict (17 December 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/un-emergency-funding-released-humanitarian-response-ethiopia%E2%80%99s-tigray-conflict
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) – Ethiopia
  https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/ethiopia
  • Report of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) and the OHCHR on the Findings of Community Consultations on Transitional Justice (TJ) with Victims and Affected Populations in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (28 December 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ethiopia/OHCHR-EHRC-Report-TJ-28-12-23.pdf
  • EHRC/OHCHR advisory note on the next steps towards the development of a human rights compliant Transitional Justice Policy for Ethiopia (11 October 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ehrcohchr-advisory-note-next-steps-towards-development-human-rights
  • EHRC/OHCHR’s Joint Advisory Note and Key Findings stemming from Community Consultations on Transitional Justice to inform the development of a Transitional Justice Policy Framework for Ethiopia (19 December 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ehrcohchrs-joint-advisory-note-and-key-findings-stemming-community
  • Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations of International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed by all Parties to the Conflict in the Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3947207
  • Tigray conflict: Report calls for accountability for violations and abuses by all parties
    (3 November 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/11/tigray-conflict-report-calls-accountability-violations-and-abuses-all-parties
  • Enhanced interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in the Tigray region of Ethiopia (13 September 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/09/enhanced-interactive-dialogue-situation-human-rights-tigray-region-ethiopia
  • Update on joint UN and Ethiopian Human Rights Commission investigation on Tigray
    (10 September 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/09/update-joint-un-and-ethiopian-human-rights-commission-investigation-tigray
  • Ethiopia: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission to conduct a joint investigation with a view to a credible accountability process (25 March 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/03/ethiopia-office-united-nations-high-commissioner-human-rights-and-ethiopian
• International Organization for Migration (IOM) – Ethiopia
  https://ethiopia.iom.int/
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) – Ethiopia
  https://www.undp.org/ethiopia
• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) – Ethiopia
  • Supporting survivors of sexual assault in Ethiopia, and working to stop violence before it starts (24 January 2024): https://www.unfpa.org/news/supporting-survivors-sexual-assault-ethiopia-and-working-stop-violence-it-starts
  • UNFPA Northern Ethiopia Response – 2-Year Snapshot (November 2022): https://ethiopia.unfpa.org/en/resources/unfpa-northern-ethiopia-response-2-year-snapshot
  • Ethiopia: From conflict to climate shocks, women and girls are disproportionately affected: https://www.unfpa.org/ethiopia-conflict-climate-shocks-women-and-girls-are-disproportionately-affected
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Ethiopia
  https://www.unhcr.org/countries/ethiopia
  • Ethiopia Tigray emergency: https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/ethiopia-tigray-emergency
  • Drought brings life-threatening food shortages for refugees in Ethiopia (31 March 2023): https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/drought-brings-life-threatening-food-shortages-refugees-ethiopia
  • UNHCR seeks US$205 million to deliver life-saving assistance to over 1.6 million people affected by the northern Ethiopia conflict (4 March 2022): https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2022/3/6221d7294/unhcr-seeks-us205-million-deliver-life-saving-assistance-16-million-people.html
  • UNHCR regains access to Tigray refugee camps, calls for emergency funds to scale up assistance (10 August 2021): https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2021/8/611232a04/
  • News comment: UNHCR latest update on deteriorating situation of Eritrean refugees in Tigray (15 June 2021): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/7/60f062d04/
• World Food Programme (WFP) – Ethiopia
  https://www.wfp.org/countries/ethiopia
  • WFP ramps up deliveries of vital food assistance to drought and conflict-affected areas of Ethiopia (6 February 2024): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-ramps-deliveries-vital-food-assistance-drought-and-conflict-affected-areas-ethiopia
  • WFP launches new operating model to restart food distribution to millions of vulnerable Ethiopians (16 November 2023): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-launches-new-operating-model-restart-food-distribution-millions-vulnerable-ethiopians
  • WFP resumes distributions to refugees across Ethiopia (9 October 2023): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-resumes-distributions-refugees-across-ethiopia
  • Widespread food diversion impacts WFP food distributions across Ethiopia (9 June 2023): https://www.wfp.org/news/widespread-food-diversion-impacts-wfp-food-distributions-across-ethiopia
  • WFP Statement on strengthened actions to address food diversion in Ethiopia (23 May 2023): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-statement-strengthened-actions-address-food-diversion-ethiopia
  • WFP statement on diversion of food aid in Ethiopia (3 May 2023): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-statement-diversion-food-aid-ethiopia-0
  • Severe hunger tightens grip on northern Ethiopia (28 January 2022): https://www.wfp.org/news/severe-hunger-tightens-grip-northern-ethiopia
  • WFP, UNHCR, RRS appeal for funding to continue feeding over 750,000 refugees in Ethiopia (9 August 2022): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-unhcr-rrs-appeal-funding-continue-feeding-over-750000-refugees-ethiopia
  • Severe hunger tightens grip on northern Ethiopia (28 January 2022): https://www.wfp.org/news/severe-hunger-tightens-grip-northern-ethiopia
  • WFP, UNHCR, ARRA appeal for funding to avoid ration cuts to over 700,000 refugees in Ethiopia (5 November 2021): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-unhcr-arra-appeal-funding-avoid-ration-cuts-over-700000-refugees-ethiopia
  • WFP completes first round of food distributions in Afar and Amhara; still lacks necessary supplies to reach targeted populations in Tigray (5 October 2021): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-completes-first-round-food-distributions-afar-and-amhara-still-lacks-necessary-supplies
  • WFP expands emergency response as up to 7 million people face hunger crisis in northern Ethiopia (7 September 2021): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-expands-emergency-response-7-million-people-face-hunger-crisis-northern-ethiopia
  • WFP delivers food to another 1 million people in Tigray during June and July but is only reaching half of those it should be (9 August 2021): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-delivers-food-another-1-million-people-tigray-during-june-and-july-only-reaching-half
  • World Food Programme convoy reaches Tigray, many more are vital to meet growing needs (12 July 2021): https://www.wfp.org/news/world-food-programme-convoy-reaches-tigray-many-more-are-vital-meet-growing-needs
• World Health Organization (WHO) – Ethiopia
  https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ethiopia

Security Council

• Meetings in 2021: 8 November, 6 October, 15 September, 26 August, 8, 2 July – Peace and Security in Africa
  Meeting records, press releases and resolutions:
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2021
  • Security Council Press Statement on Ethiopia (SC/14691, 5 November 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sc14691.doc.htm
  • Security Council Press Statement on Ethiopia (SC/14501, 22 April 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sc14501.doc.htm
• Meetings in 2020: 29 June – Peace and Security in Africa
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2020

Human Rights Council

• International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ichre-ethiopa/index
  • Statement of the Chairperson of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia, at the 78th Session of the UN General Assembly, Third Committee (25 October 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/ichree-oral-stm-unga.pdf
  • Statement of the Chairperson and Members of the UN International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia, at the 54th Human Rights Council Session (21 September 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2023/09/oral-presentation-assistant-secretary-general-human-rights-report
  • Statement attributable to the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia on the security situation in the North-West (10 August 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2023/08/statement-attributable-international-commission-human-rights-experts-ethiopia
  • Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia to Conduct First Visit in the Country (25 July 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/07/commission-human-rights-experts-ethiopia-conduct-first-visit-country
  • Human Rights Council decides to establish an International Commission of Human Rights Experts to investigate allegations of violations in Ethiopia (17 December 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/12/human-rights-council-decides-establish-international-commission-human-rights
• 33rd special session of the Human Rights Council on the grave human rights situation in Ethiopia – 17 December 2021: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/special-sessions/session33/33-special-session
  • Human Rights Council to hold a Special Session on 17 December to Address the “Grave Human Rights Situation in Ethiopia” (13 December 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/12/human-rights-council-hold-special-session-17-december-address-grave-human

Selected UN Documents

• UN Member States on the Record: Ethiopia
  https://www.un.org/en/library/unms
  United Nations Member States on the Record provides access to selected documents reflecting the views of United Nations Member States.
• S/2024/130 (2 February 2024): Report of the Security Council mission to Ethiopia, 5 and 6 October 2023: https://undocs.org/S/2024/130
• A/HRC/CRP.3 (13 October 2023): Comprehensive investigative findings and legal determinations, the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/a-hrc-54-crp-3.pdf
• A/HRC/CRP.2 (3 October 2023): Acute Risk of Further Atrocity Crimes in Ethiopia: An Analysis by the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A-HRC-54-CRP-2.pdf
• A/HRC/54/55 (18 September 2023): Report of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A_HRC_54_55_AUV.pdf
• Annex II: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A_HRC_54_55_AUV-annex2.pdf
• A/HRC/RES/51/27: Situation of human rights in Ethiopia: resolution / adopted by the Human Rights Council on 7 October 2022: https://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/51/27
• A/HRC/51/46 (5 October 2022): Report of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: https://undocs.org/A/HRC/51/46   
• A/HRC/RES/47/13: Situation of human rights in the Tigray region of Ethiopia: resolution / adopted by the Human Rights Council on 13 July 2021: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/47/13
• Further documents on Ethiopia – click here
• Documents on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam – click here

 Selected Statements and Speeches by UN Officials

• Joint Statement by Commissioner of the Ethiopian Disaster Risk Management Commission and UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Ethiopia on urgent funding needs for the ongoing response to food insecurity across the northern highlands of Ethiopia (1 February 2024): https://tinyurl.com/yzcy54d5
• Joint Statement by Ambassador Shiferaw Teklemariam, Commissioner of the Ethiopian Disaster Risk Management Commission and Dr. Ramiz Alakbarov, United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Ethiopia on unprecedented floods (29 November 2023): https://tinyurl.com/55k92p7n
• Ethiopia: Deteriorating human rights situation / delivered by Spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: Marta Hurtado (29 August 2023): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2023/08/ethiopia-deteriorating-human-rights-situation
• Following peace efforts, UNHCR’s Grandi urges support and solutions for refugees and displaced in Ethiopia (8 February 2023): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2023/2/63e361a24/following-peace-efforts-unhcrs-grandi-urges-support-solutions-refugees.html
• Secretary-General welcomes agreement between Ethiopia Army, Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (SG/SM/21581, 13 November 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21581.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes signing of peace agreement between Ethiopia Government, Tigray People’s Liberation Front (SG/SM/21566, 2 November 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21566.doc.htm
• Statement by Alice Wairimu Nderitu, Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, condemning the recent escalation of fighting in Ethiopia (19 October 2022): https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/SA-Statement-on-Ethiopia.pdf
• Ethiopia: UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk warns of devastating impact of continued hostilities on civilians (18 October 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/10/ethiopia-un-human-rights-chief-volker-turk-warns-devastating-impact
• Secretary-General gravely concerned by escalation of fighting in Tigray, Ethiopia (SG/SM/21534, 15 October 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21534.doc.htm
• Statement by Executive Director of WFP on seizure of humanitarian fuel supplies in Tigray (25 August 2022): https://www.wfp.org/news/statement-executive-director-wfp-seizure-humanitarian-fuel-supplies-tigray
• Secretary-General welcomes announcement by Regional Government of Tigray on cessation of hostilities in Northern Ethiopia (SG/SM/21444, 11 September 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21444.doc.htm
• Statement from Martin Griffiths, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, about Ethiopia (25 August 2022): https://reliefweb.int/node/3880180
• Inter-religious clashes in Ethiopia / delivered by Michele Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (7 May 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/05/inter-religious-clashes-ethiopia
• Welcoming news of food aid reaching Ethiopia’s Tigray, Afar Regions, Secretary-General reiterates call to restore public services (SG/SM/21232, 6 April 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21232.doc.htm
• Welcoming Ethiopian Government’s declaration of indefinite humanitarian truce, Secretary-General urges all parties to take steps towards lasting ceasefire (SG/SM/21207, 25 March 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21207.doc.htm
• Press Conference by Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed at United Nations Headquarters (DSG/SM/1689, 11 February 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/dsgsm1689.doc.htm
• Invoking Olympic Truce, Secretary-General makes ‘strongest possible’ appeal for all parties in Ethiopia to immediately cease hostilities (SG/SM/21129, 1 February 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21129.doc.htm
• Welcoming demonstrable effort by government, Tigray Peoples Liberation Front to resolve violent conflict in Ethiopia, Secretary-General urges rapid cessation of hostilities (SG/SM/21109, 19 January 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21109.doc.htm
• Secretary-General deeply saddened by deadly air strikes in Northern Ethiopia (SG/SM/21102, 10 January 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21102.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes release of numerous detainees in Ethiopia (SG/SM/21099, 7 January 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21099.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes pause by Ethiopia’s National Defence Force, announced withdrawal of Tigrayan Forces from Afar, Amhara Regions (SG/SM/21090, 24 December 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm21090.doc.htm
• Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights Urges All Parties to Pull Back from a Posture of War in Ethiopia (17 December 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/12/deputy-high-commissioner-human-rights-urges-all-parties-pull-back-posture
• Statement by Mr Victor Madrigal-Borloz, Chair of the Coordination Committee of Special Procedures, at the thirty-third special session of the Human Rights Council on the grave human rights situation in Ethiopia (17 December 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/12/grave-human-rights-situation-ethiopia
• Special Session of the Human Rights Council on the grave human rights situation in Ethiopia, Statement by Nada Al-Nashif, UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 December 2021: https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/12/special-session-human-rights-council-grave-human-rights-situation-ethiopia
• Reiterating call for immediate release of United Nations Staff in Ethiopia, Secretary-General urges parties to end hostilities, prioritize civilians (SG/SM/21029, 16 November 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm21029.doc.htm
• DiCarlo: Risk of Ethiopia descending into a widening civil war is only too real – Remarks to the Security Council on Ethiopia, Under-Secretary-General Rosemary DiCarlo, 8 November 2021: https://dppa.un.org/en/dicarlo-risk-of-ethiopia-descending-widening-civil-war-is-only-too-real
• Secretary-General extremely concerned over declared state of emergency in Ethiopia (SG/SM/21001, 2 November 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm21001.doc.htm
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Martin Griffiths statement on Ethiopia, 22 October 2021: https://reliefweb.int/node/3785055
• Secretary-General sounds alarm over obstructed aid delivery, rights violations, expulsion of United Nations Staff, addressing Security Council on Ethiopia (SG/SM/20954, 6 October 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20954.doc.htm
• Secretary-General shocked by Ethiopian Government’s declaration of United Nations Staff as persona non grata, expressing full confidence in their life-saving work (SG/SM/20944, 30 September 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20944.doc.htm
• Enhanced interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, 48th session of the Human Rights Council, Statement by United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, 13 September 2021: https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/09/enhanced-interactive-dialogue-situation-human-rights-tigray-region-ethiopia
• Humanitarian catastrophe unfolding before our eyes, Secretary-General tells Security Council, warning Ethiopia’s youth will be ultimate casualties (SG/SM/20866, 26 August 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20866.doc.htm
• Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore on reported killing of hundreds of civilians, including children, in Afar, northern Ethiopia (9 August 2021): https://uni.cf/3yQekjG
• Press statement on the ERC’s visit to Ethiopia (4 August 2021): https://www.unocha.org/story/press-statement-erc%E2%80%99s-visit-ethiopia
• Note to Correspondents: Statement by Alice Wairimu Nderitu, United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, on the continued deterioration of the situation in Ethiopia (30 July 2021): https://bit.ly/3Ahxr6R
• News comment: UNHCR latest update on deteriorating situation of Eritrean refugees in Tigray (15 July 2021): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/7/60f062d04/
• Statement by UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi on the situation of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region (13 July 2021): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/7/60ed3d3a4/
• Secretary-General welcomes Prime Minister’s assurance on access to Ethiopia’s Tigray region, reiterates call for protection of civilians (SG/SM/20821, 9 July 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20821.doc.htm
• Statement by Acting Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ramesh Rajasingham – Briefing to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Ethiopia (2 July 2021): https://reliefweb.int/node/3753178
• Recent events in Ethiopia’s Tigray region ‘extremely worrisome’, Secretary-General says (SG/SM/20804, 28 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20804.doc.htm
• Secretary-General deeply shocked by ‘unacceptable’ killing of humanitarian workers in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, saying perpetrators must be found, punished (SG/SM/20799, 26 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20799.doc.htm
• Comment by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet on the killing of humanitarian workers in Tigray, Ethiopia (26 June 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/06/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-michelle-bachelet-killing-humanitarian-workers
• Strongly condemning air strike on village in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, Secretary-General reiterates need to protect civilians (SG/SM/20798, 25 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20798.doc.htm
• Statement by Acting Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ramesh Rajasingham, on Tigray (25 June 2021): https://reliefweb.int/node/3751148
• Statement by Acting Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ramesh Rajasingham, on Tigray (23 June 2021): https://reliefweb.int/node/3750255
• Ensure all voters can cast ballots freely, peacefully in Ethiopia elections, Secretary-General urges, calling for rejection of incitement, hate speech (SG/SM/20786, 19 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20786.doc.htm
• Statement by Principals of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on Gender-Based Violence in Tigray region of Ethiopia (23 March 2021): https://bit.ly/3AwPKVB
• Ethiopia: Persistent, credible reports of grave violations in Tigray underscore urgent need for human rights access – Bachelet (4 March 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/03/ethiopia-persistent-credible-reports-grave-violations-tigray-underscore-urgent-need-human
• Secretary-General, concerned about situation in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, calls for sustained, impartial and unimpeded humanitarian access (SG/SM/20563, 2 February 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20563.doc.htm
• Provide unhindered access to whole of Tigray to protect civilians, Bachelet urges Ethiopia
  (22 December 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/12/provide-unhindered-access-whole-tigray-protect-civilians-bachelet-urges
• USG Op-ed: Humanitarian workers must be allowed to help in Ethiopia without fear of attack (11 December 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/usg-op-ed-humanitarian-workers-must-be-allowed-help-ethiopia-without-fear-attack
• Exceedingly worrying and volatile situation in Ethiopia – Bachelet (9 December 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/12/exceedingly-worrying-and-volatile-situation-ethiopia-bachelet
• Very concerned by situation in Ethiopia’s Tigray province, Secretary-General calls for quickly restoring rule of law, public services delivery (SG/SM/20478, 7 December 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20478.doc.htm
• Secretary-General urges civilian protection, humanitarian access in Ethiopia, amid reports of potential military offensive against Tigray regional capital (SG/SM/20450, 24 November 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20450.doc.htm
• Ethiopia: Threat of major hostilities in Mekelle seriously imperils civilian lives – Bachelet
  (24 November 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2020/11/ethiopia-threat-major-hostilities-mekelle-seriously-imperils-civilian-lives
• Secretary-General commends appointments of African Union Envoys to help resolve conflict in Ethiopia, affirms full United Nations support (SG/SM/20436, 20 November 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20436.doc.htm
• Ethiopia – Bachelet expresses alarm as Tigray conflict “risks spiralling out of control”
  (13 November 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/11/ethiopia-bachelet-expresses-alarm-tigray-conflict-risks-spiralling-out
• Ethiopia: Bachelet calls for de-escalation amid alarming developments in Tigray and Oromia regions (6 November 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/11/ethiopia-bachelet-calls-de-escalation-amid-alarming-developments-tigray-and
• Secretary-General expresses alarm over reported clashes in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, calls for immediate de-escalation of tensions (SG/SM/20396, 4 November 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20396.doc.htm
• Secretary-General expresses grave concern over reported intercommunal violence in Ethiopia (SG/SM/20394, 3 November 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20394.doc.htm
• Secretary-General encouraged by good progress in Trilateral Talks to reach agreement over Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (SG/SM/20088, 19 May 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20088.doc.htm

Further Information

• Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council – The situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia (1996 – 2009): https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/africa#cat18
• UNMEE – United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (2000 – 2008): https://unmee.unmissions.org

Non-UN Sources 

• African Union – Ethiopia
  https://au.int/en/countries/ethiopia
• Security Council Report – Ethiopia
  https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/ethiopia/
• The New Humanitarian (formerly “IRIN News”) – Ethiopia
  https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/ethiopia

16 April 2024
not an official document – for information only
https://unric.org/en/unric-library-backgrounder-ethiopia/