UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Democratic Republic of the Congo

UN Entities

• The United Nations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
  https://unsdg.un.org/un-in-action/democratic-republic-congo
  https://drcongo.un.org/ [FR]
• United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)
  https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/monusco
  http://monusco.unmissions.org/en
• United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
  https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/monuc/index.shtml
  https://monuc.unmissions.org/en
  Established by Security Council resolution 1279 (1999) of 30 November 1999. In accordance with Security Council resolution 1925 (2010), MONUC was renamed the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) as of 1 July 2010.

• Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1533
  • Reports of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo under Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004):
    https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1533/panel-of-experts/expert-reports

• Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
• Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC) – Democratic Republic of the Congo 
  http://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/democratic-republic-congo
  • Report on violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the Allied Democratic Forces armed group and by members of the defense and security forces in Beni territory, North Kivu province and Irumu and Mambasa territories, Ituri province, between 1 January 2019 and 31 January 2020: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/ADF_EN.pdf
  • Report of a Mission of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – accounts of Congolese fleeing the crisis in the Kasai region, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (August 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/Africa/OHCHRMissionreportonaccountsofKasairefugees.docx
  • Report on Human Rights Violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Context of the Events of 19 December 2016 (United Nations Joint Human Rights Office (UNJHRO) MONUSCO-OHCHR): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHRODecember2016_en.pdf
  • Preliminary investigation report on human rights violations and violence perpetrated during demonstrations in Kinshasa between 19 and 21 September 2016 (updated on 7 October 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHROSeptember2016_en.pdf
  • Accountability for Human Rights Violations and Abuses in the DRC: Achievements, Challenges and Way forward (1 January 2014 – 31 March 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHROAccountabiliteReport2016_en.pdf
  • Report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms during the Pre-Electoral Period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1 January and 30 September 2015 (OHCHR / MONUSCO, December 2015): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHRODecember2015_en.pdf
  • Report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office On International Humanitarian Law Violations Committed by Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) Combatants in the Territory of Beni, North Kivu Province, Between 1 October And 31 December 2014 (OHCHR / MONUSCO, May 2015): https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/ReportMonusco_OHCHR_May2015_EN.pdf
  • Further reports: https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/democratic-republic-congo#un-ohchr-reports–48
  • Additional reports in French: https://monusco.unmissions.org/rapports-de-lonu
• International Organization for Migration (IOM) – Democratic Republic of Congo
  https://drcongo.iom.int/en and https://drcongo.iom.int/fr
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.unhcr.org/countries/democratic-republic-congo
• United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.unocha.org/democratic-republic-congo
  • ReliefWeb – Democratic Republic of the Congo: https://reliefweb.int/country/cod
  • DR Congo: Volcano Nyiragongo – May 2021: https://reliefweb.int/disaster/vo-2021-000059-cod
  • DRC: A Year of Survival (12 July 2023): https://unocha.exposure.co/drc-a-year-of-survival
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo: From one crisis to another (28 July 2020): https://unocha.exposure.co/democratic-republic-of-the-congo
  • DR Congo: A complex web of humanitarian needs (1 May 2020): https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-complex-web-humanitarian-needs-1-may-2020
  • Five challenges facing the DRC (Ebola is just one of them) (1 August 2019):
    https://unocha.exposure.co/five-challenges-facing-the-drc
  • DR Congo, a challenging first six months (6 August 2018):
    https://unocha.exposure.co/dr-congo-a-challenging-first-six-months

• United Nations Department of Political and Peace Affairs (DPPA) – Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region
  https://dppa.un.org/en/mission/special-envoy-great-lakes-region
  https://ungreatlakes.unmissions.org/
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the DRC
  https://www.undp.org/fr/drcongo [FR]
• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://drc.unfpa.org/en
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) – Congo, Democratic Republic of the
  https://www.unicef.org/drcongo/en
• World Bank – Democratic Republic of Congo
  http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc
• World Health Organization (WHO) – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://www.who.int/countries/cod/en/
  • United Nations strengthens Ebola response in Democratic Republic of the Congo (23 May 2019): https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-05-2019-united-nations-strengthens-ebola-response-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo
• World Food Programme (WFP) – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.wfp.org/countries/democratic-republic-congo
  https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/kasai-emergency

• International Court of Justice (ICJ)
  • Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/116
  • Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/103
  • Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/126
  • Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/121
  • Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/115
  • Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/117
• International Criminal Court (ICC) – Situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.icc-cpi.int/drc

Security Council

• Meetings in 2023:  27, 26 June, 29 March – The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  19 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region
  Meeting records, press releases and resolutions:
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2023
• Meetings in 2022: 20, 9, 6 December, 30 September, 30, 29, 3 June, 31, 29 May – The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  26 October, 27 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2022
• Meetings in 2021: 20, 6 December, 5 October, 7 July, 29 June – The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  20 October, 12 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2021
• Meetings in 2020: 18, 7 December – The Democratic Republic of the Congo,
  13 October – The situation in the Great Lakes region, 25 June – The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 22 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc
  https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2020
• Meetings in 2019: 19, 3 December, 9 October – The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 3 October – The situation in the Great Lakes region, 24 July, 26 June, 29, 18, 14 March, 11 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 26 March – The situation in the Great Lakes region
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2019
• Meetings in 2018: 13 November, 11 October, 27 August, 26 July,  29 June – The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region, 27, 19, 7, 6 March, 9 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2018
• Meetings in 2017: 8 December – The situation in the Great Lakes region ; 7 November, 11 October, 17 August, 26, 11 July, 21 June – The Democratic Republic of the Congo; 12 April – The situation in the Great Lakes region; 31, 21, 16 March, 11 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2017
• Meetings in 2016: 5 December, 11 October, 7 July, 23 June, 30, 23 May, 30, 23 March, 14 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2016
• Meetings in 2015: 9 November, 7 October, 14 July, 26, 19, 17 March, 29, 22 and 8 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2015
• Meetings in 2014: 5 November, 27 October, 7 August, 28 and 14 March, 30 January – The Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2014
• Earlier years: http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/

Related documents:

• • S/RES/2688 (2023): https://undocs.org/S/RES/2688(2023)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2024 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2024
  • S/2023/451 (19 June 2023): United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2023/451
    Submitted pursuant to para. 43 of Security Council resolution 2666 (2022); covers major developments from 21 Mar.-19 June 2023. Includes UN map no. 4412 Rev. 50: MONUSCO June 2023 (June 2023).
    • Previous reports: https://bit.ly/3L6cCmr
  • S/2023/430 (13 June 2023): Report of the Security Council mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 9-12 March 2023: https://undocs.org/S/2023/430
  • S/2023/237 (30 March 2023): Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2023/237
    Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2666 (2022); provides an overview of developments since the previous report (S/2022/735) and covers the period 16 Sept.-15 March 2023
    • Previous reports: https://bit.ly/3sGjAIC
  • S/2022/991 (21 December 2022): Letter dated 20 December 2022 from the Representatives of Ireland, Mexico and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2022/991
    Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, held on 29 Nov. 2022.
  • S/RES/2667 (2022): https://undocs.org/S/RES/2667(2022)
    on lifting of advance notification requirements to the 1533 Sanctions Committee concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo as imposed by Security Council resolution 1807 (2008)
  • S/RES/2666 (2022): https://undocs.org/S/RES/2666(2022)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2023
  • S/2022/745 (10 October 2022): Children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: report of the Secretary-General: https://undocs.org/S/2022/745
    8th report prepared pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions; covers the period from 1 Apr. 2020-31 Mar. 2022; highlights trends and patterns of grave violations committed against children and provides details of the progress made to end and prevent such violations since the previous report (S/2020/1030).
    • Previous reports: https://bit.ly/3Z4qV0F
  • S/RES/2641 (2022): https://undocs.org/S/RES/2641(2022)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2023 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2023
  • A/76/707 (14 February 2022): Outcome evaluation of United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo support provided to the rule of law and security institutions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services: http://undocs.org/A/76/707
    “Annex: Comments received from the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali on the draft report”: p. 21.
  • S/RES/2612 (2021): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2612(2021)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2022
  • S/RES/2582 (2021): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2582(2021)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2022 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2022
  • S/RES/2556 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2556(2020)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2021
  • S/RES/2528 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2528(2020)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2021 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2021
  • S/RES/2502 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2502(2019)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2020
  • S/2019/870 (12 November 2019): Letter dated 8 November 2019 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/870
    Informs that a national committee for the strategic review of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) was established and is conducting internal consultations on this issue and on the future mandate of MONUSCO.
  • S/2019/842 (25 October 2019): Letter dated 24 October 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/842
    Transmits, pursuant to Security Council resolution 2463 (2019), an independent strategic review of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), prepared by Youssef Mahmoud.
  • S/RES/2478 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2478(2019)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2020 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2020
  • S/2019/296 (8 April 2019): Letter dated 8 April 2019 from the Permanent Representatives of Germany, Peru and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/296
    Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, held on 25 Mar. 2019.
  • S/RES/2463 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2019
  • S/2019/159 (19 February 2019): Letter dated 15 February 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/159
    Transmits update covering developments on progress in the electoral process and implementation of the political agreement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; covers the period 1-31 Jan. 2019.
  • S/2018/1068 (30 November 2018): Letter dated 28 November 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1068
    Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 27 Oct.-26 Nov. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
  • S/2018/977 (31 October 2018): Letter dated 29 October 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/977
    Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 29 Sept.-26 Oct. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • S/RES/2439 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2439(2018)
    on condemning attacks by armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and their role in exacerbating the Ebola virus outbreak
  • S/2018/786 (28 August 2018): Letter dated 24 August 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/786
    Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 26 July-24 Aug. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • S/2018/762 (8 August 2018): Letter dated 7 August 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/762
    Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 1-31 July 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • S/RES/2424 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2424(2018)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2019 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2019
  • S/2018/362 (18 April 2018): Letter dated 16 April 2018 from the Permanent Representatives of Peru, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/362
    Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, held on 28 Feb. 2018.
  • S/RES/2409 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2409(2018)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2019
  • S/2018/128 (15 February 2018): Report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016: http://undocs.org/S/2018/128
    Submitted pursuant to resolution 2348 (2017), covers developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 5 Jan. 2018.
  • S/RES/2389 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2389(2017)
    on implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region
  • S/2017/963 (17 November 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016: http://undocs.org/S/2017/963
    Submitted pursuant to resolution 2348 (2017), covers developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 29 Sept. 2017.
  • S/2017/826 (29 September 2017): Special report of the Secretary-General on the strategic review of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://undocs.org/S/2017/826
    Includes UN map no. 4412 rev. 25: MONUSCO Sept. 2017 (Sept. 2017).
  • S/2017/712 (15 August 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016: http://undocs.org/S/2017/712
    Submitted pursuant to resolution 2348 (2017), covers developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 30 June 2017.
  • S/RES/2360 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2360(2017)(2017)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2018 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2018
  • S/2017/435 (17 May 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://undocs.org/S/2017/435
    Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2384 (2017); covers developments since 27 Mar. 2017.
  • S/RES/2348 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2018
  • S/2016/922 (3 November 2016): Letter dated 31 October 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/922
    Transmits the communiqué of the 7th High-Level Meeting of the Regional Oversight Mechanism of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region held in Luanda on 26 Oct. 2016.
  • S/2016/883 (2 Nov. 2016): Letter dated 20 October 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/883
    Transmits the “Political Agreement for the Holding of Peaceful, Credible and Transparent Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo”, signed on 18 Oct. 2016, and related press releases from the Chairperson of the African Union and the facilitator of the national dialogue.
  • S/RES/2293(2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2293(2016)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by resolution 1807 (2008) and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2017
  • S/RES/2211 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2211(2015)
    on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2016
  • S/2015/179 (12 March 2015): Letter dated 12 March 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2015/179
    Refers to Security Council resolution 2198 (2015) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo and extending the mandate of the Group of Experts; provides the names of the experts appointed to serve on the Group of Experts.
  • S/RES/2198 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2198(2015)
    on renewal of measures on arms embargo against all non-governmental entities and individuals operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Further documents – click here
  • Further information – Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council (1959-2021): https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/africa#cat16

Human Rights Council

• International Team of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/kasai-region/index
  • A/HRC/51/60 (18 August 2023): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo: https://undocs.org/A/HRC/51/60
• Team of international experts on the situation in Kasaï:
  https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ite-kasai-drc/index
  • A/HRC/48/82 (20 August 2021): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Situation in Kasai: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/82
  • A/HRC/45/50 (27 August 2020): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Situation in Kasai: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/45/50
  • A/HRC/41/31 (7 May 2019): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Situation in Kasai: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/41/31
  • A/HRC/38/31 (3 July 2018): Situation in Kasaï: report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/38/31
• Human Rights Council holds enhanced dialogue on the human rights situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (20 March 2018): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/03/human-rights-council-holds-enhanced-dialogue-human-rights-situation
• 8th Special session of the Human Rights Council: The situation of the human rights in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (28 November 2008): https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/special-sessions/session8/th-special-session 
• Further documents: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?c=51&su=60

Selected Statements and Speeches by UN Officials

• Resource-rich Democratic Republic of Congo must become source for development, not conflict, Secretary-General tells Peace Framework Meeting, urging end to violence (SG/SM/21786, 6 May 2023): https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21786.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes regional engagement, ceasefire announcement in Democratic Republic of the Congo (SG/SM/21712, 6 March 2023): https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21712.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack on Peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21676, 5 February 2023): https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21676.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21657, 15 January 2023): https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21657.doc.htm
• Secretary-General deeply saddened by deadly floods in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21634, 14 December 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21634.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attacks in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21625, 9 December 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21625.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, welcoming peace summit, ceasefire in Democratic Republic of Congo, calls on all Congolese, foreign armed groups to lay down weapons (SG/SM/21602, 25 November 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21602.doc.htm
• Secretary-General concerned by resumed hostilities in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21560,30 October 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21560.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack against United Nations Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21504, 1 October 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21504.doc.htm
• Secretary-General outraged over deadly incident by Mission military personnel on Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda border (SG/SM/21392, 31 July 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21392.doc.htm
• Condemning deadly attack on Peacekeepers, Mission premises in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General stresses United Nations Mission Bases’ inviolability (SG/SM/21384, 26 July 2022): https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21384.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns killings in Democratic Republic of Congo, calls upon all armed groups to end callous attacks on civilians (SG/SM/21264, 9 May 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21264.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes initiatives in Democratic Republic of Congo, Greater East African Region promoting stability, development, political inclusion (SG/SM/21246, 23 April 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21246.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack against United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21230, 5 April 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21230.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, saddened by peacekeepers’ helicopter-crash deaths in Democratic Republic of Congo, concerned about rebel resurgence (SG/SM/21213, 29 March 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21213.doc.htm
• Update on the Democratic Republic of Congo / delivered by Nada Al- Nashif, UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights at 49th session of the Human Rights Council – Agenda Item 10: Enhanced ID on oral updates on Democratic Republic of the Congo (29 March 2022): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/03/update-democratic-republic-congo
• Secretary-General’s Opening Remarks to 10th High-Level Meeting of Regional Mechanism Follow-Up to Addis Ababa Framework Agreement (SG/SM/21157, 24 February 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21157.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attacks by militia on internally displaced persons camp in Democratic Republic of Congo as ‘reprehensible’ (SG/SM/21130, 3 February 2022): https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sgsm21130.doc.htm
• Secretary-General strongly condemns attack on United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Team returning from delivering aid in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/21071, 8 December 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm21071.doc.htm
• 48th session of the Human Rights Council Enhanced Interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo – Statement by Nada Al- Nashif UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights (5 October 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2021/10/48th-session-human-rights-council-enhanced-interactive-dialogue-situation-human
• Secretary-General strongly condemns attack on camp for internally displaced in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20755, 1 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20755.doc.htm
• Saddened by deadly volcano eruption in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General says United Nations providing humanitarian aid, peacekeepers mobilizing air assets (SG/SM/20741, 24 May 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20741.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeepers in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20719, 11 May 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20719.doc.htm
• High Commissioner’s oral update on the Democratic Republic of the Congo – Statement by Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 46th session of the Human Rights Council (22 March 2021): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/03/high-commissioners-oral-update-democratic-republic-congo
• Secretary-General strongly condemns Italian Ambassador’s killing, with 3 others, in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20593, 22 February 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20593.doc.htm
• Shocked Secretary-General strongly condemns massacre of civilians in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20527, 6 January 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20527.doc.htm
• Condemning Kinshasa violence, Secretary-General calls for peaceful dialogue to resolve political differences in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20489, 9 December 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20489.doc.htm
• Concerned by deadly violence in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General reiterates support for State authorities to prosecute perpetrators (SG/SM/20245, 11 September 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20245.doc.htm
• Bachelet urges investigation into death threats against Dr Mukwege (28 August 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/08/bachelet-urges-investigation-death-threats-against-dr-mukwege
• Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack against United Nations Peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20140, 23 June 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20140.doc.htm
• 43rd session of the Human Rights Council, Update on the human rights situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo – Statement by Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (17 June 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2020/06/43rd-session-human-rights-councilupdate-human-rights-situation-democratic
• DR Congo: Bachelet says new Government has “window of opportunity” after peaceful political transition (29 January 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/01/dr-congo-bachelet-says-new-government-has-window-opportunity-after-peaceful
• Joint statement from WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Mark Lowcock, UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore, and WFP Executive Director David Beasley (31 July 2019): https://bit.ly/2qUIHaY
• Remarks by the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock, at the High-level meeting on the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Geneva, Switzerland, 15 July 2019: https://bit.ly/3xtaeyz
• Enhanced Interactive Dialogue on the situation of human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Statement by Mr. Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 41st Human Rights Council session – Item 10, 9 July 2019: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2019/07/enhanced-interactive-dialogue-situation-human-rights-democratic-republic-congo
• More resources needed to control Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General says, urging all Congolese leaders to work together (SG/SM/19571, 8 May 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19571.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns deadly attack against health centre in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/19548, 19 April 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19548.doc.htm
• Secretary-General notes provisional results for Democratic Republic of Congo Presidential Election, calls on stakeholders to refrain from violence (SG/SM/19428, 9 January 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19428.doc.htm
• Secretary-General calls upon all actors in Democratic Republic of Congo to ensure violence-free environment for upcoming elections (SG/SM/19420, 28 December 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19420.doc.htm
• DRC: UN Human Rights Chief calls for measures to prevent further violence ahead of crucial election (14 December 2018): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/12/drc-un-human-rights-chief-calls-measures-prevent-further-violence-ahead
• Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo, tells armed groups to stop hostilities, disarm immediately (SG/SM/19345-PKO/756, 15 November 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19345.doc.htm
• Secretary-General outraged by murder of civilians in Democratic Republic of Congo, calls on armed groups to immediately cease attacks (SG/SM/19313, 22 October 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19313.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes Democratic Republic of Congo President’s decision to abide by constitution, country’s progress towards elections in December (SG/SM/19162, 9 August 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19162.doc.htm
• Enhanced interactive dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo: 38th session of the Human Rights Council – Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, 3 July 2018: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2018/07/enhanced-interactive-dialogue-democratic-republic-congo
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock, Opening remarks at the Humanitarian Conference on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (13 April 2018): https://reliefweb.int/node/2556529
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Statement on United Nations and Humanitarian Community Making Progress in Scaling Up Aid to People in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 5 April 2018: https://bit.ly/3MT2bkr
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Statement to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, New York, 19 March 2018: https://bit.ly/2u3kqQR
• United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock – Remarks to the media in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo on 13 March 2018: https://bit.ly/3b1vnIT
• Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeeper in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18875-PKO/703, 27 January 2018): http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18875.doc.htm
• Disturbed by reported killing of protesters in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General calls on authorities to conduct credible investigation (SG/SM/18864, 22 January 2018): http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18864.doc.htm
• Concerned by reports of security forces in Democratic Republic of Congo violently dispersing protests, Secretary-General calls for restraint (SG/SM/18846, 31 December 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18846.doc.htm
• Outraged Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeepers, armed forces in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18817-PKO/698, 8 December 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18817.doc.htm
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock – Remarks at the member states briefing on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 16 November 2017: https://bit.ly/3xSeJ7c
• Crucial for DRC authorities to allow peaceful expression of dissent at protests today – Zeid (15 November 2017): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2017/11/crucial-drc-authorities-allow-peaceful-expression-dissent-protests-today
• Condemning attacks on peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General warns they could be considered war crimes (SG/SM/18740-PKO/675, 9 October 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18740.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeeper in Democratic Republic of Congo, urges all armed groups to end violence (SG/SM/18688-PKO/668, 18 September 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18688.doc.htm
• Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O’Brien – Statement to Member States on his 16-21 July 2017 mission to the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 August 2017): http://bit.ly/2wOA7Im
• DRC: High Commissioner Zeid welcomes creation of international investigation into Kasais (23 June 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21797
• Statement of the High Commissioner to the Interactive dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 35th session of the Human Rights Council, 20 June 2017:
  https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2017/06/statement-high-commissioner-interactive-dialogue-democratic-republic-congo-35th
• DRC: Zeid calls for international investigation into massive human rights violations in Kasais (9 June 2017): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2017/06/drc-zeid-calls-international-investigation-massive-human-rights-violations
• DRC: Further mass graves and killings discovered in Kasais, says Zeid (19 April 2017): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2017/04/drc-further-mass-graves-and-killings-discovered-kasais-says-zeid
• ‘Deeply saddened’ Secretary-General confirms discovery of experts’ remains, urges full investigation while pledging cooperation in search for missing Congolese (SG/SM/18474-PKO/628, 28 March 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18474.doc.htm
• Statement by Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, at the Human Rights Council’s Interactive Dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Geneva, 22 March 2017: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2017/04/statement-andrew-gilmour-assistant-secretary-general-human-rights-human-rights
• Zeid calls for immediate halt to DRC killings (20 February 2017): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2017/02/zeid-calls-immediate-halt-drc-killings
• Secretary-General hails Democratic Republic of Congo Political Agreement as ‘significant step’, urging concrete measures to prepare for polls (SG/SM/18398-AFR/3518, 31 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18398.doc.htm
• Accountability for killings of protesters vital, Zeid says, as DRC crisis continues (23 December 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2016/12/accountability-killings-protesters-vital-zeid-says-drc-crisis-continues
• Condemning deadly attack on Peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Secretary-General calls for investigation, bringing perpetrators to justice (SG/SM/18383-AFR/3511-PKO/618, 19 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18383.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes continued mediation by religious leaders for inclusive elections in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18335-AFR/3497, 6 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18335.doc.htm
• Noting Prime Minister appointment, Secretary-General welcomes ‘first concrete step’ in implementing Democratic Republic of Congo Political Agreement (SG/SM/18277-AFR/3490, 17 November 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18277.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns attack in Democratic Republic of Congo on civilians, United Nations peacekeepers (SG/SM/18257-AFR/3485-PKO/611, 8 November 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18257.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, in Message to Peace and Security Framework for Democratic Republic of Congo, urges faster disarmament, demobilization efforts (SG/SM/18233-AFR/3477, 26 October 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18233.doc.htm
• Commending facilitator, participants in Democratic Republic of Congo dialogue, Secretary-General urges government to remain engaged with all stakeholders (SG/SM/18217-AFR/3472, 19 October 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18217.doc.htm
• Remarks by Kate Gilmore, Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, at the 33rd session of the Human Rights Council on the Democratic Republic of Congo (27 September 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/en/2016/09/remarks-kate-gilmore-deputy-high-commissioner-human-rights-33rd-session-human-rights
• Condemning clashes in Democratic Republic of Congo between protesters, security forces, Secretary-General urges stakeholders to refrain from further violence (SG/SM/18086-AFR/3448, 19 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18086.doc.htm
• Secretary-General, noting dialogue launch in Democratic Republic of Congo, urges political groups to play constructive role paving way to credible elections (SG/SM/18026-AFR/3443, 2 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18026.doc.htm
• Secretary-General calls on Democratic Republic of Congo stakeholders to overcome electoral process impasses by engaging in inclusive dialogue (SG/SM/17997-AFR/3434, 23 August 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17997.doc.htm
• Appalled by reported civilian deaths in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General reiterates commitment to support authorities (SG/SM/17983-AFR/3429, 15 August 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17983.doc.htm
• Opening remarks by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein at a press conference during his mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (21 July 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2016/03/statement-zeid-raad-al-hussein-united-nations-high-commissioner-human-rights
• Security Council leadership critical to defusing tensions in Democratic Republic of Congo, Deputy Secretary-General stresses (DSG/SM/991-SC/12438-AFR/3408, 7 July 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm991.doc.htm
• Amid rising tensions, Secretary-General calls on stakeholders in Democratic Republic of Congo to place country’s interests above their own (SG/SM/17790-AFR/3385, 25 May 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17790.doc.htm
• Congolese Ex-Rebel Commander’s guilty verdict for war crimes sends strong signal that impunity ‘will not be tolerated’, Secretary-General says (SG/SM/17621-AFR/3351-L/3254, 22 March 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17621.doc.htm
• Statement by Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to a side-event on Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (8 March 2016): https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2016/03/statement-zeid-raad-al-hussein-united-nations-high-commissioner-human-rights
• Condemning attack by Allied Democratic Forces against Democratic Republic of Congo peacekeepers, Secretary-General urges swiftly bringing offenders to justice (SG/SM/17374-AFR/3280-PKO/546, 30 November 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17374.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes trial judgement by German Criminal Court against Rwandans aiding war crimes in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/17183-AFR/3229-L/3248, 2 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17183.doc.htm
• Secretary-General applauds new framework as ‘surest route’ for peace, security, cooperation for Democratic Republic of the Congo, region (SG/SM/17150-AFR/3226, 29 September 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/17150.doc.htm
• Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/16732-AFR/3129-PKO/481, 5 May 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16732.doc.htm
• 19 March 2015, Security Council Briefing on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Special Envoy Said Djinnit: http://www.un.org/undpa/node/183388
• Concerned by deteriorating situation in Democratic Republic of Congo following draft electoral law, Secretary-General calls on parties to resume dialogue (SG/SM/16478-AFR/3057, 22 January 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16478.doc.htm
• DRC: Conviction of ‘Colonel 106’ major boost in fight against impunity – Zeid (18 December 2014): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2014/12/drc-conviction-colonel-106-major-boost-fight-against-impunity-zeid
• Concerned about threats, Secretary-General condemns expulsion of United Nations Director from Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/16272-AFR/2996-HR/5220, 21 October 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm16272.doc.htm
• Zeid condemns expulsion of top UN human rights official in DRC (19 October 2014): https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2014/10/zeid-condemns-expulsion-top-un-human-rights-official-drc
• Secretary-General welcomes International Criminal Court Verdict convicting rebel leader for atrocities in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/15695-AFR/2834-L/3229, 7 March 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm15695.doc.htm
• Deputy Secretary-General, at Meeting on Democratic Republic of Congo, calls for comprehensive strategy to end instability, conflict (DSG/SM/740-AFR/2807, 31 January 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/dsgsm740.doc.htm
• Secretary-General welcomes Kampala Dialogue’s conclusion as ‘positive step’ towards ending deadly violence in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/15538-AFR/2766, 12 December 2013): http://www.un.org/press/en/2013/sgsm15538.doc.htm

Further Information

• UN Member States on the Record: Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.un.org/en/library/unms
  United Nations Member States on the Record provides access to selected documents reflecting the views of United Nations Member States.
• United Nations Expert Panel on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/groups-and-panels
  Reports: https://bit.ly/3mVcuty
• Bringing a war criminal to justice (UN News, 16 July 2023): https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138657
• UN Video – How a Warlord was Prosecuted for War Crimes in DR Congo (July 2023): https://youtu.be/lfVWWEMYcvg

Non-UN Sources

• The Humanitarian (formerly “IRIN News”) – DRC
  http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/drc
• Security Council Report – Democratic Republic of the Congo
  http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
• Global Policy Forum
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo:
    https://archive.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-council-agenda/democratic-republic-of-congo.html
  • UN Documents on Diamonds in Conflict:
    https://archive.globalpolicy.org/the-dark-side-of-natural-resources-st/diamonds-in-conflict/un-documents.html